Psychiatric Care After Drug Overdose: Case Study

Psychiatric Care After Drug Overdose: Case Study Case Scenario: Marcella Helen Farel Marcella is a 15 year old bi-racial female who was admitted to the local community hospital in Chester, Pennsylvania for a drug overdose. The attending psychiatrist, Dr. Miller has referred Marcella to me to be evaluated for a possible substance use disorder and to be screened for the potential risk of future substance use disorder. Carefully describe the client’s demographic characteristics. Marcella is a 15-year-old bi-racial (Caucasian and African American) female who attends high school full-time. What is the presenting problem? Marcella has been referred for screening of a possible substance use disorder and the possible risk of future substance use problems after being treated at a local community hospital for attempting suicide with prescription pain medications. What is the pertinent family history? Marcella is being raised by her grandparents with sporadic input from her single mother. Bethany, Marcella’s mother, has never been married and has raised Marcella as a single mom since her birth. What is the substance use history of the client’s family? Marcella’s grandparents both drank alcohol throughout their adult lives and also experimented with various other drugs. Her stepfather uses marijuana on a daily basis because he feels that it helps with the pain from a back injury. Her mother developed a substance use problem at the age of 14, shortly after her father killed himself, and it rapidly progressed. What are some of the direct and indirect messages Marcella may have received from her family about substance use? Children and teenagers are heavily influenced by their parents. Having a parent who uses drugs is a strong predictor of adolescent substance abuse. The messages that Marcella may have received are my parents and grandparents use drugs so therefore it is okay for me to use them as well. What is Marcella’s education and employment history? Marcella is a full-time high school student and has not had any type of employment at this point but has done some babysitting. What is significant in terms of risk factors, about Marcella’s academic history? Marcella has done well academically throughout elementary school but for the last four years her grades in high school have been steadily dropping. Describe Marcella’s social history? Marcella can name only two friends and also states that she doesn’t like people so having only two friends is fine with her. What is Marcella’s self-report of her substance use history? Marcella states that she has used alcohol a few times with her friends and also used alcohol on special occasions at family gatherings. She also states that her suicide attempt was the first time she used pain pills or any non-prescribed drugs. What is significant in terms of risk factors about Marcella’s description of her relationships with family members? When asking Marcella about her relationship with her family members she stated that she never had a father and she isn’t sure if her mother even knows who her father was. She also states that he has never been a part of her life. She bluntly states that she hasn’t had a mother for the past few years as well. She describes her grandmother as the only one who would care if she had succeeded in her suicide attempt. Accurately identify risk and protective factors for developing a substance use disorder as related to the client in the case scenario. â€Å"Many factors have been identified that help determine† which individuals â€Å"are likely to abuse drugs.† The factors that are associated with the â€Å"greater potential for drug abuse are† known as â€Å"risk† factors, and those associated with the least potential for drug abuse are known as â€Å"protective† factors. (NIDA, 2003. pg. 6). Risk factors influence drug use in many ways. The more risks the adolescent is exposed to the more likely he or she is to use and abuse drugs. (NIDA, 2003. pg. 7). â€Å"Having a family history of substance abuse puts† the adolescent at risk for drug abuse. â€Å"The presence of protective factors can lessen the impact† of some risk factors, â€Å"such as parental support and involvement†; this â€Å"can reduce the influence of strong risks, such as having substance abusing peers.† (NIDA, 2003. pg. 7). Some risk factors that could have an influence on Marcella are: Substance use among parents. Poor attachment with parents. Social difficulties Negative emotionality Early substance use Academic failure Low commitment to school Some protective factors that could lessen the impact of a few of the risk factors are: Positive physical development Family connectedness (attachment and bonding with grandmother) Living in a stable home (grandparents) Supportive relationship with family (grandmother). (NIDA, 2003). Discuss other relevant factors in the case scenario that could lead to the development of a substance use disorder. Other risk factors often â€Å"relate to the quality of relationships outside† of â€Å"the family, such as in their schools, with their peers, teachers, and in the community.† (NIDA, 2003. pg. 9). â€Å"Difficulties in these settings can be crucial to† the adolescent’s â€Å"emotional, cognitive, and social development. Some of† the risk factors are academic failure and poor coping skills. (NIDA, 2003. pg. 9). Other risks that can influence adolescents to start using drugs are the availability of the drugs and the belief that drug abuse is generally tolerated. (NIDA, 2003. pg. 9). â€Å"Screening and assessment are† part â€Å"of a process that aims to identify and measure the mental health and substance use related needs and† behaviors of adolescents. It is â€Å"difficult to determine where screening ends and assessment begins. Screening† â€Å"determines the need for a† more comprehensive assessment but does not provide actual information about the diagnosis or possible treatment needs. The screening â€Å"process should take no longer than† thirty minutes and in some instances will be shorter. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 9). An appropriate screening procedure must† take into consideration â€Å"several variables pertaining to the client, such as† their â€Å"age, ethnicity, culture, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and literacy level.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 10). It â€Å"is important that the† contents of the test be â€Å"appropriate for clients from a variety of backgrounds and† cultures. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 10). â€Å"There are three primary components to preliminary screening: content domains, screening methods, and information sources. The screening procedure focuses on verif ied indicators of substance related problems among adolescents.† These â€Å"indicators fall into two categories: those that indicate substance use problem severity and those that are psychosocial factors.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 11). There is no set number of uncovered red flags or indicators that mandate â€Å"a referral for a comprehensive assessment. Many† of the screening questionnaires provide a set of scores to assist with the decision in obtaining a comprehensive assessment. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 11). Regardless, â€Å"if there are several red flags or a few that† are meaningful, it is recommended â€Å"to refer the adolescent for a† more comprehensive assessment. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 11). The â€Å"comprehensive assessment follows a positive screening for a substance use disorder and may lead to long term intervention efforts such as† treatments. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 11). The screening procedures identify if the adolescent has â€Å"a significant substance use problem† and â€Å"the comprehensive assessment confirms the problem and helps† to  clarify other problems that may be â€Å"connected with the adolescent’s su bstance use disorder. Comprehensive information can be used to develop† a proper set of interventions. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). There are many different purposes of the comprehensive assessment. To report in more detail the vicinity, nature, and unpredictability of substance utilization reported amid a screening, including whether the pre-adult meets symptomatic criteria for abuse or dependence. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To focus the particular treatment needs of the client if substance misuse or substance dependence is confirmed, so that limited resources are not misdirected. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To allow the evaluator to take in more about the nature, connects, and results of the adolescents substance-utilizing conduct. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To guarantee that related issues not hailed in the screening procedure (e.g., issues in medicinal status, mental status, social functioning, family relations, educational performance, and delinquent behavior) are recognized. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To inspect the degree to which the adolescents family (as characterized prior) might be included in the comprehensive assessment but also in possible subsequent interventions. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To distinguish particular qualities of the adolescent, family, and other social backings (e.g., coping skills) that could be utilized within creating a fitting treatment plan (financial information is significant here as well). (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To develop a written report that: Identifies and accurately diagnoses the severity of the use. Identifies factors that contribute to or are related to the substance use disorder. Identifies a corrective treatment plan to address these problem areas. Details a plan to ensure that the treatment plan is implemented and monitored to its conclusion. Makes recommendations for referral to agencies or services. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). â€Å"A valid, standardized, and clinically relevant assessment is† crucial â€Å"for effective intervention with adolescent substance abusers.† (NIH, 2005. para. #6). â€Å"The advantages of standardized assessments are that they: Provide a benchmark against which clinical decisions can be compared and validated; Are less prone to clinician biases and inconsistencies than more traditional assessment methods; and Provide a common language which improved communication in the field can develop.† (NIH, 2005. para #6). â€Å"Until recently clinicians have relied on clinical judgment or locally developed procedures to diagnose adolescent substance use problems. This has begun to change since standardized and clinically valid instruments such as The† Drug Use Screening Inventory Revised (DUSI-R), The Teen-Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI), â€Å"have been introduced into the literature. Developmental appropriateness is critical to the effectiveness of using these instruments in work with adolescents.† (NIH, 2005. para. #7). The Drug Use Screening Inventory-Revised (DUSI-R) is a 159-item instrument that documents the level of involvement with a variety of drugs and quantifies severity of consequences associated with drug use. The profile identifies and prioritizes intervention needs and provides an informative and facile method of monitoring treatment course and aftercare. The DUSI-R is a self-administered instrument. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 69). The purpose of this instrument is â€Å"to comprehensively evaluate adolescents and adults who are suspected of using drugs; to identify or â€Å"flag† problem areas; to quantitatively monitor treatment progress and outcome; and to estimate likelihood of drug use disorder diagnosis.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 69). A decision tree approach is used and the information acquired â€Å"should be viewed as implicative and not definitive in that the findings should generate hypotheses regarding the areas requiring comprehensive diagnostic evaluation by using other instruments.† The â€Å"DUSI-R is structured and formatted for self-administration using paper and pencil or computer.† The areas assessed are: â€Å"substance use behavior, behavior patterns, health status, psychiatric disorder, social skill, family system, school work, peer relationship, leisure† and recreation. This assessment takes 20-40 minutes to complete depending on the subject. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 6 9). The Teen Addictions â€Å"Severity Index (T-ASI) is a brief assessment instrument developed for use when an adolescent is being admitted to inpatient care for substance use related problems.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). â€Å"The purpose of this instrument is to provide basic information on an adolescent prior to entry into inpatient care for substance use related problems.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). This assessment is an â€Å"objective face to face interview combined with opportunity for assessor to offer comments, confidence ratings† (indication â€Å"whether the information may be distorted), and severity ratings (indicating how severe the assessor believes is the need for treatment or counseling).† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). The areas assessed are: â€Å"chemical use, school status, employment/support, family relationships, peer/social relationships, legal status (involvement with criminal justice program), psychiatric status,† and â€Å"contact list for add itional information. The† number of† questions asked for each area are fewer in number than many† of the other instruments used. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). These â€Å"screening tools are brief self-reports or interviews that are used as the first step in the process of evaluating whether an adolescent may or may not have a drug problem. The outcome of a screening is to determine the need for further, more comprehensive assessment. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). I would use the DUSI-R to assess Marcella’s potential drug use because it is a self-report inventory that is available in paper or online that deals with both drugs and alcohol. It is utilized for measuring current status, recognizing areas in need of prevention, and evaluating the degree of change after treatment. Substance use disorder in the â€Å"DSM-5 combines the DSM-IV categories of substance abuse and substance dependence into a single disorder† using a measurement of mild to severe. The â€Å"diagnosis of dependence caused† some confusion. Most people think that dependence is â€Å"addiction† when in fact dependence could be the body’s â€Å"normal response to a substance. In† order for a patient â€Å"to be diagnosed with Substance Use Disorder the patient must meet at least† two of the eleven criteria for the diagnosis. A patient meeting â€Å"2-3 of the criteria indicates mild substance use disorder, meeting 4-5 criteria indicates moderate† substance use disorder and meeting 6-7 criteria indicates severe substance use disorder. (BupPractice, 2014). The Diagnostic Criteria are as follows: Continuing to use opioids despite negative personal consequences. Repeatedly unable to carry out major obligations at work, school, or home due to opioid use. Recurrent use of opioids in physically hazardous situations. Continued use despite persistent or recurring social or interpersonal problems caused or made worse by opioid use. Tolerance as defined by either a need for markedly increased amounts to achieve intoxication or desired effect or markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount. Withdrawal manifesting as either characteristic syndrome or the substance is used to avoid withdrawal. Using greater amounts or using over a longer time period than intended. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control opioid use. Spending a lot more time obtaining, using, or recovering from using opioids. Stopping or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities due to opioid use. Consistent use of opioids despite acknowledgement of persistent or recurrent physical or psychological difficulties from using opioids. Craving or a strong desire to use opioids. (This is a new criterion added since the DSM-IV-TR). (BupPractice, 2014). During the assessment and evaluation with Marcella she stated that she tried alcohol a few times with friends and on special occasions at family gatherings and she denies having ever been intoxicated. She also states that the pain pills she took in the suicide attempt were her only use of non-prescribed drugs. According to the DSM-5, Marcella does not meet any of the criteria for the diagnosis of a substance use disorder. In order to be diagnosed with a substance use disorder Marcella must meet 2 of the 11 criteria for the diagnosis. After my assessment and evaluation of Marcella I have come to the conclusion that she does not meet any of the criteria to be diagnosed with a substance use disorder. While she did take prescription pain medication in an attempt to commit suicide it was the first and only time that she took any type of drug prescription or otherwise. Marcella continues to work on her other medical issues with the hospital psychiatrist. References American Psychiatric Association. (2005). Substance-Related and addictive disorders. Retrieved from www.dsm5.org/Documents/Substance%20Use%20Disorder%20Fact%20sheet.pdf BupPractice. (2014). DSM-5 Substance use disorder. Diagnostic criteria. Retrieved from www.dsm5.org/Documents/Substance%20Disorder%20Fact%20sheet.pdf Centers for Substance Abuse Treatment. (1999).Screening and assessing adolescents for substance use disorders. Substance abuse and mental health services administration (US); (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 31 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64364/pdf/TOC.pdf National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2003). Chapter 1: Risk and Protective Factors. In Preventing Drug Use Among Children and Adolescents. Retrieved from http://drugabuse.gov/publications/preventing-drug-abuse-among-children-and-adolescents?chapter-1-risk-factors-protective-factors. Miller, W.R., Forcehimes, A. A., Zweben, A. (2011). Treating addiction: A guide for professionals. New York, NY: Guilford National Institute on Drug Abuse. (n.d.). Risk and protective factors. Retrieved from http://drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/preventingdruguse_2.pdf

Motivation Plan. About my mentor Essay

Tangie Stevenson works for Medicredit Corporation, which is a Management and Recovery Agency, better known as The Outsource Group. This agency is a third party collection agency which a third-party collection agency is as agency that was not a party to the original contract between a creditor first-party and a debtor second-party. In most cases, a third-party collection agency is used once internal first-party collection efforts have been considered unsuccessful. First-party collection agency usually lasts for a period of months before the debt is turned over to a third-party collection agency. A creditor assigns accounts to a third-party collection agency for a fee. The fee differs depending on a wide variety of factors ranging from the collection agency that the creditor chooses to work with, to the number and type of accounts that will be submitted on a routine basis. The fee can be as simple as a flat fee per account submitted or a performance percentage fee on each amount that is collected. In some cases, it may be a combination of both. It is dependent upon the relationship that is agreed upon. As a collections manager Tangie oversee’s all activities related to the company’s credit and collections. She is responsible for formulating, implementing, and maintaining credit and collections policies, monitoring collections and past due accounts, reporting on the activities of the accounts receivable department, and ensuring timely collection of customer accounts receivables. She also provides training, direction, and evaluation of credit and collections employees. In addition to overseeing the collection department staff, she tracks customer feedback through the review of incoming letters, emails, and phone calls and the analytical data collected through outside reporting agencies. She also identifies errors or glitches in collection procedures and recommends solutions to increase collections on delinquent accounts while ensuring customer satisfaction and retention. The Plan I have established a plan to keep the employees in Tangie’s department motivated and satisfied. Keeping employees motivated and satisfied are important elements of not only getting the most out of your employees, but also in retaining your best employees. The best employees are always in high demand, and will change companies if they are not kept motivated and satisfied at work. It doesn’t matter what you build, invent or sell; your organization can’t move forward without people. CEOs, company founders and managers the world over know that keeping the teams beneath them moving forward together in harmony means the difference between winning and dying. The plan that can be applied to Tangie’s department that would increase the motivation, satisfaction and performance would be to first, have the team members build ownership among themselves. They must feel as if they own the place and not just work here. Once of the principles of self-managed teams is to organize around a whole service or product. One way to inspire this feeling is to have each of the members become familiar with what the other members are doing, allowing them to bring their ideas for improvement to the table and have input in the entire process. If the roles are too specialized, have each of the members of the team exchange responsibilities often. This all makes them feel like â€Å"it’s mine†, and most people, when it’s theirs, really don’t want to fail. Next, you must trust the employees to leave their comfort zones. This means to allow them to do more than one specific task, it will allow them to grow and become more confident in their abilities while making them feel more valuable to the organization. Even though as a manager it may feel like allowing individuals to try new things presents a risk to productivity or places workers outside of their established place, it heads off other issues. The bigger risk is having people get burnt out or bored. Then, is to keep the team informed; business leaders have a clearer perspective on the bigger picture than their employees do. It’s really important to tell subordinates what’s going on. What a manager may take for common knowledge about how things are going or what challenges are down the road, employees should be informed of. Spreading the intel lets everyone in on the lay of the land and at the same time strengthens the feeling among workers that they are an important asset to the organization. Then, is the fact that your employees are adults so treat them as such. This is also important when it comes to motivation and satisfaction in the organization. Employees need to be dealt with in a respectable manner. In any organization there is going to be bad news. It could have to do with the individual or the company as a whole but just remember to treat employees accordingly. As a manager, if you choose to keep people in the dark about trying times or issues, the fallout could be more serious than the issue itself. When people are left out, they tend to make things up. An important part of the plan is to remember that money matters, but not as much as you think. Compensation packages are a big deal when employees are hired, but once hired the motivation tends to go downhill. The motivation then comes from things like the challenge of the work, the purpose of the work, the opportunity to learn, and the opportunity to contribute. Last, is to reward and recognize employees if they’ve done something truly outstanding. Instead of telling others that your employees are doing such a great job, take the time to bring a specific person into your office or write an email or note along with that person’s paycheck to let him know that his work is truly outstanding. Rewarding them with small gifts like tickets to a movie, a gift certificate to a grocery store or even highly wish for tickets to a sports game is a good reward. Reward employees with time off, you will be astounded to see how quickly your employees get to work when you offer to let them leave a little early or if you give them the option of coming to work a little late the next day. Reference Forbes. (2013). 7 Ways to Keep Your Employees Happy (And Working Really Hard). Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/karstenstrauss/2013/09/08/7-ways-to-keep-your-employees-happy-and-working-really-hard/

Yearlong Stargazing Calendar

The Physics, Meaning, Lectures On Nature - 1712 Words

The physics, meaning â€Å"lectures on nature† written by Aristotle was a base towards Western science and philosophy genre books. His passion towards the topic of nature had led him to become more curious on general issues such as motion, causation, place and time. In Physics II.3 Aristotle’s provides a general understanding of the four causes, these four causes seem to apply to everything that would require an explanation. He first introduces his theory of the four causes in Book II, Chapter 3 where he states, â€Å"knowledge is the object of our inquiry, and men do not think they know a thing till they have gasped the ‘why’ of it (which is to grasp its primary cause).† (Physics, 194b 18-21). Aristotle’s passion towards knowing about the world, the things involved in it, and them to break each of them down individually to understand them completely, comes from the reasoning that he likes to know the reasons as to why they, as they are. Arist otle continues on to say â€Å"clearly, then, we must also find the reason why in the case of coming to be, perishing, and every sort of natural change.† (Phys, 196b 21-23). His four causes help him build a complete understanding on the ontology of physical things, which requires to know every aspect of properties these physical objects have. Throughout this essay I will be arguing that Aristotle’s four causes offer a complete system for motion in which all motion fits. Aition, a Greek word which stands for cause. Now that we’ve discussed what we’reShow MoreRelatedScience Reflection Paper967 Words   |  4 Pagesmedicine, to biology, to physics. The list goes on and on and on. But what exactly is science? How does science affect humanity? How does philosophy, science and religion relate to each other? What is the real problem with climate change? What is my opinion about diet, exercise and health? 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Jane Eyre Feminist Analysis - 1045 Words

Jane Eyre is recognized and acclaimed as a classic feminist novel, a bold social commentary penned by a daring woman intent on shedding light on the hypocrisy that riddled Victorian society. This view is indeed accurate. However, Charlotte Brontà « only dares so much; she only sheds so much light. In â€Å"â€Å"The Maniac Bellowed†: Queer Affect and Queer Temporality in Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre†, Carolyn Marjorie Davis asserts that the arms of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s feminism do not embrace women who fail to fulfill certain standards of domesticity and femininity, namely, they do not embrace Bertha Mason, the mad and muscular, foreign and forgotten wife of Rochester, whom he has condemned to haunt the locked third floor like some supernatural creature of dread.†¦show more content†¦Bertha yearns to be heard and understood, â€Å"but she is constantly undermined by Rochester’s ability to elide her existence† (Davis 17). Even Jane, whose many similarities with Bertha would seem to suggest that she would feel a kinship with her, seems deaf to any meaning in Bertha’s attempts to communicate. This is â€Å"surprising† (Davis 11) given that much of Jane’s â€Å"internal monologue is predicated on the fact of her loneliness and uniqueness, and†¦much of her affect is expressed through the language of imprisonment and subjugation† (Davis 11), just like Bertha. Jane’s storyline and Bertha’s storyline are in many ways reversed images of each other. Jane starts her life poor, friendless, and treated as a â€Å"bad animal†(Bronte 8), and by the end of the book she is wealthy and happily married. Bertha begins living freely on her home island, but her marriage to Rochester results in her entrapment and abandonment by Rochester as he â€Å"seek[s] sympathy with something at least human† (Bronte 297). In the eyes of society, Jane is transformed from animal to human, and Bertha is transformed from human to animal. 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With novels such as Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, or even William Shakespeares Macbeth the fascination over this subject by authors is evident. In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre the main character, Jane Eyre, explores the depth at which women may act in society and finds her own boundaries in Victorian England. As well, along with the notions of feminism oftenRead More Movie - Feminist Themes in Jane Eyre, Novel and Film Versions2260 Words   |  10 PagesAn Analysis of Feminist Themes in Jane Eyre and its Film Versions  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Concern for womens rights dates from the Enlightenment, when the liberal, egalitarian, and reformist ideals of that period began to be extended from the bourgeoisie, peasants, and urban laborers to women as well. As did most interest groups of the time, feminists gained force and stability through its writing. The periods blossoming ideas concerning womens rights were fully set forth in Judith Murray’s On theRead MoreCharlotte Bronte1859 Words   |  8 Pagesvivid and creative imagination. They would play in made up kingdoms and would write stories and poems based on their childhood adventures. These writings that she developed with her sisters were the start of her love and passion for writing. In Jane Eyre, Charlotte describes her life at home as she was working and raising her two sisters. Charlotte disliked her job and decided to leave in order to study French in Belgium. In Belgium, she met Constantin Heger who helped her by giving a strong literaryRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1733 Words   |  7 Pagesinteractions between the conventions of the Gothic fictions with other  thematic, ideological, and/or symbolic functions of the narrative  would rather be challenging. However, though the analysis of  Jane Eyre  written by  Charlotte Bronte, certain factors come into focus.The novel of Charlotte Bronte entitled Jane Eyre has showcased a lot of issues that specifies how women in that time have been depicted by the experiences that the protagonist of the novel has encountered. The novel was published in aRead More Revision of Master Narratives within Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea2157 Words   |  9 Pagesmood of the time was. From there one will be a ble to discuss how they were revised, and if in fact they were revised at all. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bronte is known as one of the first revolutionary and challenging authoress’ with her text Jane Eyre. The society of her time was male dominated, women were marginally cast aside and treated as trophies for their male counterparts. Their main role in life was to be a mother and a wife, â€Å" Literature cannot be the business of a woman’s life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the moreRead MoreRepresentation of the Other in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay4463 Words   |  18 PagesRepresentation of the ‘Other’ in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Abstract This study aims at examining the representation of the’ other’ as portrayed in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre (1847). It attempts to inspect how the ‘Other’ is viewed in Nineteenth century England and the cultural ideology behind such specific representation. It poses crucial questions as to why the ‘Other’ is always represented negatively in main-stream western narrative as in the case of Bertha Mason who is portrayed asRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Second Child And Maria Branswell S Fifth Child2059 Words   |  9 Pagesstories and wrote them all down. Since their father was never home, it gave Charlotte Bronte the idea for Jane Eyre to be an orphan since its how she felt with her mother dead and a father who is never around. Especially with the events that took place in the boarding school, Charlotte used the events in her life and put the majority of them into one of her well known novel known as Jane Eyre. She was so drawn into her creativ e world that she began to dwell in the problems of her characters. So sheRead More A Comparison of the Ideals of Bronte in Jane Eyre and Voltaire in Candide2672 Words   |  11 PagesThe Ideals of Bronte in Jane Eyre and Voltaire in Candide      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subjective novelists tend to use personal attitudes to shape their characters. Whether it be an interjection of opinion here, or an allusion to personal experience there, the beauty of a story lies in the clever disclosure of the authors personality. Charlotte Bronte and Voltaire are no exceptions. Their most notable leading characters, Jane Eyre and Candide, represent direct expressions of the respective authors emotions andRead MoreJane Eyre And Depression Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesCharlotte Bronte’s â€Å"Jane Eyre† has captivated readers for generations. As with all coming of age novels, young adults can relate to the struggles and triumphs of Jane. Jane’s setting influences and parallel her emotions. A reader can see the novel through her eyes and perspective. In Bronte’s â€Å"Jane Eyre,† the location often parallels Jane’s emotional growth through the tone presented by the environment, resulting in the different places she lives revealing her journey through depression. Jane’s behavioral

My Best Vacation Ever Free Essays

My best vacation ever was my first trip to Disneyland. Something that I have always dreamt about was about to come true. First we researched ticket prices. We will write a custom essay sample on My Best Vacation Ever or any similar topic only for you Order Now We found a great price on So Cal City passes including three theme parks. The next step for us was finding a place to stay. All hotels were booked around the Disneyland park. We found a great deal 20 minutes away. Our trip was booked. We were counting down the days, looking for landmarks along the drive, and restaurants on a budget we never tried. I would Like to tell you about my best vacation ever. As we entered Disneyland we were amazed. The park opened October 5, 1955 and was built In 365 days but It look brand new. As we walked down main street towards the castle, we could smell all the concessions, because they pump smells throughout the park. The castle looked closer than It really was, this was because of a force perspective In the buildings on Mall Street. As your exiting It looks much larger. Also the buildings are designed to look bigger than they actually are. While standing in line for various rides, we searched Disneyland secrets. We found out that there is a quarter of a basketball court and ping pong table inside the top third of the Mattering. This is a break room for employees only. When we were planning for our trip we used principle. Com After searching hotels around the park that could fit 6 people our luck ran out. The only available rooms were the parks signature hotels for $800 a night which was way out of our budget. We searched nearby and found Chase Suite Hotel twenty minutes away in Bread, California. So we booked a two bedroom suite through the hotels website at an incredible price. The rooms were amazing, and private. It was like a large apartment with a full sized kitchen and living room. I highly recommend this hotel. How to cite My Best Vacation Ever, Papers

Audit and Assurance

Questions: Your firm is the auditor of GreenBrown Ltd, a manufacturer. You have obtained a summary of the property, plant and equipment for the year ended 30 June 2015, which identifies cost and accumulated depreciation brought forward, additions and disposals in the year and depreciation charges. A review of the management letter from the previous years audit shows that there were some problems in relation to making a distinction between capital and revenue expenditure; some items were capitalised when they should have been expensed and other capital items were included in repairs and maintenance in the income statement. Another risk identified from prior years relates to depreciation calculations; there is a range of depreciation rates within categories and there has been concern that the rates applied to some assets have been too low. The depreciation policy disclosed in the financial report shows: buildings: 24% straight line plant and machinery: 510% straight line fixtures fittings and equipment: 520% straight line.Describe audit procedures to ensure: (a) the accuracy of the summary of property plant and equipment. (b) all items of a capital expenditure are included in additions for the year and that no revenue expenditure has been capitalized. (c) the depreciation rates are calculated appropriately. Answers: Audit procedures are effective to obtain the sufficient audit evidence through the observation, recalculation, analytical procedures etc or the combination of some of these. For the auditing of the different areas and processes of GreenBrown Ltd, the below audit procedures can be performed: (a) To ensure the accuracy of the summary of property, plant and equipment In order to ensure the accuracy of the summary of property, plant and equipment (PPE), firstly, the risk of material misstatement will be designed. The risk can be related to the undue pressure of showing higher earnings, inadequate accounting manual etc. After this, a test of control will be facilitated, which will enable to determine the effectiveness of controls on the recording and accounting of PPE. On the basis of this, the risk of material misstatement can also be revised, if the results of the test of control vary from the expectations (Gramling, et al, 2012). After the consideration of the risk of material misstatement and control test, a substantive procedure for PPE will be conducted. In order to perform the substantive procedure, the following steps will be taken: Gather the summary of the changes in PPE owned and analyse it by reconciling with the ledgers Ensure the addition in PPE during the year In order to ensure PPE accuracy in the firm, a physical inspection of the plant and equipment acquired during the year will be made (Johnstone, et al, 2015) The analysis of the repair and maintenance expense account to determine, whether all the expenses are written properly and if any capital item is written on the account then it should be recalculated to make its entry in balance sheet Also, investigate PPE that is not of use in the organisation in current that will enable to ensure that PPE summary includes those assets also Test the provision for the depreciation made by GreenBrown Ltd to ensure that accurate or depreciated value is shown in the summary of PPE (Vallabhaneni, 2015). Further, the potential impairments of PPE will also be identified, so that actual value and the related expenses can be identified. It will also enable to determine whether the impairments are shown correctly or not The retirement or disposal of PPE during the year will be investigated, which will ensure that the salvage value is recorded in the right account and total assets include only the PPE, which is existing in the business only The legal ownership of PPE will also be examined by getting the evidence from the ledgers and vouchers If the firm has lease agreements then further they will be analysed to determine the assets, which are leased to and from others in the firm (Gramling, et al, 2012) After analysing PPE accounts, depreciation, addition, separation, disposal, depreciation etc, an analytical procedure will be performed in which a comparison of summary of PPE will be conducted with the prior information, budgets etc to get an understating of the business and risk areas In this, the presentation of the financial statements and disclosure for PPE and related revenues and expenses will also be made to ensure the accuracy of summary of PPE The above auditing procedure will enable to identify the lacking in the areas and to improve them for eliminating the material misstatement. It will ensure the accuracy of the summary of properly, plant and equipment (Johnstone, et al, 2015). (b) To ensure all items of a capital expenditure are included in additions for the year and that no revenue expenditure has been capitalized In order to ensure that capital and revenue expenditures are properly written without having any issue, the analytical procedure will be used. In this, first, the repair and maintenance expenses account will be analyzed. In this, the items that are required to be capitalized will be identified and then the company policy in order to ensure consistency in the accounting of revenue and capital expenditure will be analyzed (Whittington, 2015). Along with this, the monthly amount in the account will also be analyzed that will be effective to identify the variations. This analysis will be month to month and between the corresponding months of two years. It will enable to identify any insignificant variance in the expenses recorded in the repair and maintenance account in the income statement and to ensure that no capital expenses are included in the repair and maintenance account in the income statement (King, 2011). The sampling procedure will also be effective to ensure that all items of the capital expenditure are included in additions for the year as through this, the auditor will collect some sample capital expenses and identify their entry to determine, whether it is right or not. On the basis of the results of these, the extent of risk in recording of the capital and revenue expenditures will be identified along with the consideration of organizational policies for recording such expenses (Gomez, 2012). Along with this, the disclosure of the revenue expenditure will also be verified by ensuring that revenue expenses related to the current year are in the income statement and related to future period are shown as assets in the balance sheet. It will also be ensured that revenue expenditures that incurred but not paid are shown as a liability in the balance sheet (Kan, 2013). This verification of disclosures will be effective to ensure that no revenue expenditures are capitalized. (c) To ensure that the depreciation rates are calculated appropriately Another risk in the auditing of GreenBrown Ltd is related to the depreciation calculation due to the use of lower rates for some of the assets. In order to ensure that the depreciation rates are calculated appropriately, the below auditing procedure will be used by the auditor: First of all, the approach of management to determine the estimate and transactions bearing on the estimates will be reviewed and on the basis of this, an individual estimate will be developed to compare the depreciation estimation by the management. The review of the depreciation policies will be conducted to determine whether the policies are effective to allocate the cost of PPE systematically over its life. In this, extra working shifts, accelerated production, obsolescence of machines due to technology advancement will also be considered (Whittington, 2015). A summary of the accumulated depreciation will be obtained for classifying the assets in different depreciation rate categories. It will be obtained through general ledger, beginning balances, depreciation provisions and ending balances. After this, the provision for depreciation will be tested by comparing the depreciation rates for different assets with the prior year rates to identify the variances. Along with this, depreciation provision calculation will be tested with some sample units to ensure that no excessive depreciation is determined by the fully depreciated assets (Gramling, et al, 2012). The accumulated depreciation account will also be analyzed to ensure that the depreciation is recorded accurately for the year. In this, it will also be ensured that the accumulated depreciation of retired assets has been deducted from the account (Bragg, 2012). The above audit procedure will be effective to determine the consistency in the calculation of depreciation on the assets and to ensure that depreciation rates used are calculated appropriately. The above audit procedure is quite effective to match the depreciation rates and the service life of the assets and to ensure that each asset is depreciated accurately. References Albrecht, W.S., Albrecht, C.O., Albrecht, C.C. and Zimbelman, M.F. (2011) Fraud Examination, 4th edn. USA: Cengage Learning. Bragg, S.M. (2012) Financial Analysis: A Controller's Guide, 2nd edn. USA: John Wiley Sons. Flood, J.M. (2016) Wiley Practitioner's Guide to GAAS 2016: Covering all SASs, SSAEs, SSARSs, PCAOB Auditing Standards, and Interpretations. USA: John Wiley Sons. Gomez, C. (2012) Auditing and Assurance: Theory and Practice. USA: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Gramling, A.A., Johnstone, K.M. and Rittenberg, L.E. (2012) Auditing. USA: Cengage Learning. Johnstone, K.M., Gramling, A. and Rittenberg, L.E. (2015) Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit (with ACL CD), 10th edn. USA: Cengage Learning.